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The continuous moored observation revealed significant variability in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Cause of such AMOC variability is an extensively studied subject. This study focuses on the short-term variability, which ranges up to annual and interannual timescales. A mechanism is proposed from the perspective of ocean water redistribution by...
Direct observations of dissolved gases in the Subpolar North Atlantic are scarce, particularly during the winter and along boundary current systems. Consequently, current understanding of the physical processes governing the sequestration of dissolved oxygen into the deep North Atlantic is limited. One proposed pathway through which oxygen-enriched waters enter the deep ocean is the Denmark...
For the first time, four dedicated hydrographic cruises – one in each season – took place in 2015 around the Canary Islands to determine the seasonality of the flows at the eastern boundary of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre. The Canary Current (CC) is the eastern boundary current of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre and links the Azores Current with the North Equatorial Current. The CC...
The Irminger Current (IC), located over the western flank of the Reykjanes Ridge, is a contributor to the northward volume transport related to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.
Previous studies showed that the IC is associated with a region of enhanced eddy kinetic energy. Using high-resolution mooring data from 2014 – 2020 combined with satellite altimetry, a strong...
Subpolar Mode Water (SPMW) represents a variety of near-surface waters that occupy a large volume in the upper 1000 m of the Subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA) water column. Originating in the eastern and northeastern SPNA through late winter water mass formation, SPMW acts as a precursor to forming the North Atlantic Deep Water, an important ingredient of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning...
The freshwater transport (Mov) by the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) across 34.5ºS is computed using observations from 49 eXpendable BathyThermograph (XBT) AX18-lines between 2002-2019. The Mov is used as an indicator of the AMOC stability at 34.5ºS. XBT data present a negative Mov mean of -0.15±0.09 Sv, indicating a bi-stable AMOC regime. Results are complemented with data...
The A20 line is a meridional hydrographic section located at 52ºW that cuts through the western North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre (NASG). It encloses the main paths of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Using data from three A20 hydrographic cruises carried out in 1997, 2003 and 2012 together with Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler data and the velocities from an inverse box...
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a driving force in the redistribution of heat on our planet and has a particularly large impact on the climate of the Northern Hemisphere and Europe. Since the 1980s, it has been predicted that the anthropogenic increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration will weaken the AMOC. This change in AMOC intensity will lead to changes in European...
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) has been a key factor in the modulation of climate change both locally and globally in the past decades. However, in recent time the evolution of AMOC seems not clear. The degree of agreement between the state of AMOC depicted in the new simulations from the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and observation dataset is not...
Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is one of the mechanisms for long-term predictability and one of the properties that decadal climate predictions (DCP) are attempting to predict. Yet, verifying the AMOC performance from the DCPs is problematic due to the short observational record as well data assimilation procedures for DCPs struggle to reconstruct the AMOC initial...
The continental shelves around the subpolar North Atlantic are important conduits of volume and freshwater transports. The Greenland and Labrador Shelves are deep (150-400 m), the Labrador Shelf is wide (200 km), and they each sustain coastal currents that reach 1-2 Sv of volume transport in the mean. Resolving these volume transports in AMOC monitoring lines is critical if an assumption of...
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) plays a vital role in global climate, redistributing heat, freshwater and anthropogenic CO2 (Canth) meridionally and in depth. Accurately monitoring AMOC strength with observations has inspired a number of dedicated observing systems in the Atlantic since the 2000s. However, no consensus has been reached on whether the slowdown of the AMOC...
The Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) has monitored the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) across the entire northern North Atlantic since 2014. The OSNAP record now includes the longest continuous measurements of the furthest upstream observations of the Deep Western Boundary Current near Cape Farewell, Greenland. Since the OSNAP record began, the Deep...
The AMOC is key to the North Atlantic (NA) being a sink for carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, through both surface cooling of waters advected polewards (making them more soluble to CO2) prior to sinking at high latitudes, and through northwards nutrient delivery that sustains strong subpolar biological production (that drives down CO2 levels). As atmospheric CO2 levels have increased,...
We examine changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in the quadrupled CO2 experiments conducted under the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The increase in CO2 triggers extensive Arctic warming, causing widespread melting of sea ice. The resulting freshwater spreads southward, first from the Labrador Sea and then the Nordic Seas, and proceeds...
Caribbean through-flow accounts for two-thirds of the Florida Current and consequently is an important conduit of heat and salt fluxes in the upper limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). While high-latitude sinking and interior mixing processes have a first order control on the magnitude of the AMOC, low-latitude wind-driven processes determine and modify the...
Increasing freshwater fluxes from the Greenland ice sheet and the Arctic have the potential to lead to a dampening of deep convection in the subpolar north Atlantic by increasing stratification in deep convection regions. In turn, this could affect deep water formation and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). However, it is unclear where and how much freshwater is exported...
EPOC will generate a new conceptual framework for the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, to understand how it functions in the Earth system, and how it impacts weather and climate. The AMOC is a key component of the climate system, responsible for ocean heat and freshwater transport, associated with the ventilation of anthropogenic carbon, and anticipated to experience or drive...
