Current approaches to vent opening forecast produce probabilistic maps on the base of the spatial density of past eruptive vents, as well as the surface distribution of structural features such as faults and fractures. One of the main challenges in forecasting future vent locations in the case of distributed volcanism is that we usually deal with scarce, spatially scattered data to support...
Geodetic measurements have been employed to investigate surface deformations related to volcanic activities in many locations worldwide. As part of these endeavours, for now more than 100 years, tiltmeters have been successfully applied. As recent studies document that relatively small but significant, deep seismic signals can be detected in the East Eifel Volcanic Field, we suggest the...
Explosive volcanic eruptions and pyroclastic flows are characterized by a wide spectrum of particle velocities and locations in the vicinity of the volcano. To measure these velocities and locations we use Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar. This is a low power consuming, remotely operable and low cost measurement technique, not affected by cloud coverage or darkness. A 24 GHz...
Reliable chronologies of volcanic eruptions are vital for hazard analysis, but da-ting of Holocene and Late Pleistocene volcanism poses a major challenge. Estab-lished techniques such as 40Ar/39Ar are often problematic due to the long half-life of 40K or the absence of datable materials. In this context, luminescence dating is a promising alternative.
Luminescence signal resetting during...
Explosive volcanic eruptions are comparably short-lived events with potentially catastrophic consequences and long-term impact. The paroxysmal eruption at Stromboli volcano, Italy, on 3 July 2019 has shown that sudden shifts in eruptive activity can to date not be forecasted. This shortcoming impedes adequate volcanic hazard assessment.
In an attempt to increase our mechanistic...
Stromboli volcano in Italy is one of Europe’s most active volcanoes, well known for its almost continuous eruptive activity. In the past decades, activity was characterized by explosions of mild to moderate intensity, emitting ash, lapilli and bombs several times per hour. At times, this activity is interrupted by more explosive paroxysms with larger erupted volumes and greater dispersal of...
Preeruptive processes at volcanoes can be observed by various different methods, e.g. tiltmeters, strain meters, or by photogrammetric methods (i.e. imagebased methods to determine shape and position of an object). Here we apply photogrammetric methods to video sequences of eruptions at Anak Krakatoa (Indonesia) from October 2018 to investigate preeruptive deformation processes
in the crater...
In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have developed into powerful tools for volcano monitoring. Particularly valuable during an eruptive crisis, they facilitate observations without the need for scientists to enter hazardous areas. Here, we present the utilisation of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) drones for emergency management at Stromboli volcano, Italy, that experienced...
The East Eifel Volcanic Field in Germany is an active seismic and magmatic region where monitoring is important for hazard assessment and scientific analyses. Following two unusually deep micro-earthquakes in September 2013 (about 40 km depth), detected at about 10 local stations, an improved seismological recording network was installed to better monitor and locate local seismic events....